Subject Anatomy

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Jun 06, 2018

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OSTEOLOGY : Study of bones. 

Total no of bones —206 

• Upper limbs-64
• Lower limbs-62
• Vertebrae-33
• Skull       –  29(14-facial bones
• – 14- cranial bones , hyoid bone )
• Sternum-1
• Ribs- 12 pairs
• Longest bone—femur
• Smallest bone—stapes
• Strongest part in human body- Enamel
  
• Largest sesamoid bone — Patella
  
• Microscopic unit of a bone: Haversian system
  

Ribs: 12 Pairs

• True ribs—1-7th
• False ribs— 8-12th
• Floating ribs — 11-12th
• Atypical ribs—1, 2, and 10.11, 12th.
• Most oblique - 9th
  

Skull bones—22 bones 

Unpaired- frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital. 

Unpaired-mandible, vomer 

Cranial bones (14)-paired- parietal, temporal, ear ossicles 

Facial bones (14)-paired-nasal, maxillae, zygomatic, palantine, lachrymal, inferior nasal connchae.

Ecto chondral bones: Bones which develop in membrane

Endochondral bones: Bones which develop in cartilage.

Compact bone =consisting of haversian system

Cancellous (spongy) bone = consisting of irregularly placed lamellae.

Diploic =consisting of inner and outer tables of compact bone with intervening porous layer.

Paranasal sinuses  4 pairs : Frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal, maxillary( this is the largest, also k/a  Antrum of Highmore )

 Duramater Folds

• Falx cerebri – encloses superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus
• Tentorium cerebelli- encloses transverse sinuses, posterior petrosal sinuses.
• Falx cerebelli—encloses occipital sinus
• Diaphragma sellae—encloses anterior and posterior intercavernous sinuses.