Subject Practice Of Medicine

/

Jun 07, 2018

    1 Likes9

TRIADS

Whipple’s Triad

1. Symptoms of hypoglycemia in the fasting state
2. Hypoglycemia less than 45 mg
3. Relief with glucose in insulinomas

Saint’s Triad:

1. Diverticulosis
2. Gall stones
3. Hiatus hernia

Murphy’s Triad: (in appendicitis)

1. Pain first
2. Vomiting next
3. Fever last

Portal hypertension Triad:

1. Splenomegaly
2. Ascites
3. Oesophageal varices

Charcot’s Triad:

1. Fluctuating jaundice
2. Recurrent pain
3. Intermittent fever with rigors

Behcet’s syndrome Triad

1. Recurrent oral ulcers
2. Genital ulcers
3. Relapsing iritis

Pentalogy of Fallot

1. Pulmonary stenosis
2. Ventricular septal defect
3. Overriding of aorta
4. Right ventricular
5. hypertrophy Atrial septal defect

Tetralogy of Fallot:

1. Pulmonary stenosis
2. Ventricular septal defect
3. Overriding of aorta
4. Right ventricular hypertrophy

Trilogy of Fallot: Fallot’s Triad

1. Pulmonary stenosis
2. Ventricular septal defect
3. Overriding of aorta

Acute Compression Triad (Beck’s Triad):

1. Rising venous pressure
2. Falling arterial pressure and
3. Small quiet heart

Achalasia cardia

1. LOS does not relax.
2. X-ray shows absence of fundal gas shadow.
3. Ba meal shows oesophageal dilatation and beak like narrowing (rat tail deformity).

SIGNS

 

1. ALFRED DE MUSSET’S SIGN: Forward and backward jerking of the head or visible movements of the ears, synchronous with the beating of the heart, seen in ear.
2. BOA’S SIGN: Hyperaesthesia over right to subscapular area, seen in acute cholecystitis.
3. BRUDZINSKI’S NECK SIGN: Flexion of hips and knees and flexion of neck in meningitis.
4. CARVALLO’S SIGN: Murmurs of TR & TS accentuated by inspiration.
5. CHADDOCK’S SIGN: Extensor plantar response stroking the lateral malleolus.
6. GORDON’S SIGN: A Babiniski’s like response on squeezing the calf muscle.
7. CHVOSTEK’S SIGN: A light tap over the facial nerve, in front of the ear, in case of latent tetany, results in a sudden contraction of the facial muscles. It can also occur in an appreciable number of normal people.
8. INVERTED UMBRELLA SIGN/ FLEISCHMER’S SIGN: Thickening of ileocaecal valve give rise to broad triangular appearance with the base toward caecum in intestinal TB.

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

1.     ECG change in hyperacute phase: ST elevation

2.     In stable angina, enzyme levels are: Normal

3.     Enzyme to raise at the earliest: Myoglobin; followed by CK-MB

4.     Sensitive marker for MI: Troponin T

CARDIAC TAMPONADE

1.     Features:

2.     Pulsus paradoxus,

3.     Electrical alterans,

4.     Raised JVP

5.     'x' descent is prominent

6.     Chest X-ray findings: Big globular heart

CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS

1.     Right heart failure occurs,

2.     Raised JVP,

3.     Prominent 'x' descent,

4.     Kussmaul sign seen