Subject Physiology

/

Jun 07, 2018

    1 Likes9

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

1.       Substances partially reabsorbed in PCT:

a.       Sodium,

b.     Potassium,

c.       Chloride

2.       In presence of vasopressin, maximum reabsorption ofwater takes place in: PCT (even in absence of

3.       vasopressin, maximum reabsorption of water takes place in PCT)

4.       Substances completely reabsorbed in PCT:

a.       Glucose,

b.     Bicarbonate,

c.       Water

5.       Action of renin: Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

6.       Factors stimulating renin secretion:

a.       Low BP,

b.     Hyponatremia etc.

7.       Glucose transport occurs with: Sodium

8.       Macula densa is: Epithelial lining of distal tubule

9.       Tubuloglomerular feedback is mediated by sensing: Sodium chloride in densa

10.   Loop of Henle does not handle: Urea

11.   Filtration fraction is calculated as: GFR/ RPF; 20%

12.   GFR (inulin clearance) is: 125 ml/ min

13.   Normal creatinine level: 0.6-1.2 mg%

14.   Urea clearance: 88 ml/ min

  15. Hormones secreted by kidney -

       a. erythropoietin,

       b. thrombopoitein,

        c.renin & 1, 25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol.

16. Total nephrons in one kidney - 1 – 1.3 millions nephrons 

17. GFR  - 125 ml / minute or 180 liters / day. 

18 .urine formation in a day -  1 – 1.5 liters

19.  Urine osmolality in diabetes insipidus -  300 mmol/L.

20. protein excretion - 50 -150 mg%

21. urea clearance - 44 ml/min.

22.  Renal blood flow - 25% of cardiac output (1300 ml blood/min).

23. proximal convoluted tubules  - Glucose and amino acid are absorbed 

24. renin produced by -  Juxtaglomerular cells .

25. PAHA test  -  to assess renal blood flow

26. Clearance test  -  includes inulin clearance, creatinine clearance & PAHA test.

27. water lost as sweat per day -  600-800 C.C